Recovery in Western Europe: State Building
-Europe, political quthority rested with a series of regional states rather then a centralized government
-Spain, descendents of Muslim conquers held Kingdom of Granada in the southern portion of the Iberian Peninsula
-France and Englands hostilities led to the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) Taxes and Armies
-Some regional states in Western Rome laid foundations for emergence of powerful monarchies
-Development of fresh source of finance; new taxes levied directly on citizens and subjects; which was rulers supplement from subordinates
-Maintenance of large standing armies; created by mercenary forces and they carried gun powder weapons supported by state funds Italian States
-City states of Milan, Venice, and Florence, the Papal state based in Rome and the Kingdom of Naples needed large numbers of officials to administor their complex affairs
-Financed needs by levying taxes and issuing long-term bonds, repaid by treasury receipts France and England
Isabel of Castile
-French kings taxed sales, hearths, and salt; english counterparts instituted annual taxes on hearths, indivtuals, and plow teams
-In France, King Lous XI maintained a permanant army where England did not
-Rulers in both lands asserted the authority of the central government over the nobility
-English kings did not establish a standing army, but they were able to raise powerful forces when rebellion threatened public order
-Because of it being so expensive, Louis and his successors enjoyed a decisive edge over ambitious subordinates
-They sought to challenge royal authority or build local power bases Spain
-Process of state building was most dramatic in Spain
-Marriage of Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile united two wealthiest and most important Iberian Realms
-The receipts from sales tax payed for the army
-Christian forces completed the reconquista by conquering the Kingdom of Granada Overview
-The competition of the states encouraged the rapid development of military and naval technology
Fernando of Aragon
-Encouraged the refinement and impovement of weapons, ships, and sails
-If one state had it, the others had to have better
[britney]
( pics and corrections by TK)
State Building (580-582)
Recovery in Western Europe: State Building
-Europe, political quthority rested with a series of regional states rather then a centralized government
-Spain, descendents of Muslim conquers held Kingdom of Granada in the southern portion of the Iberian Peninsula
-France and Englands hostilities led to the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)
Taxes and Armies
-Some regional states in Western Rome laid foundations for emergence of powerful monarchies
-Development of fresh source of finance; new taxes levied directly on citizens and subjects; which was rulers supplement from subordinates
-Maintenance of large standing armies; created by mercenary forces and they carried gun powder weapons supported by state funds
Italian States
-City states of Milan, Venice, and Florence, the Papal state based in Rome and the Kingdom of Naples needed large numbers of officials to administor their complex affairs
-Financed needs by levying taxes and issuing long-term bonds, repaid by treasury receipts
France and England
-French kings taxed sales, hearths, and salt; english counterparts instituted annual taxes on hearths, indivtuals, and plow teams
-In France, King Lous XI maintained a permanant army where England did not
-Rulers in both lands asserted the authority of the central government over the nobility
-English kings did not establish a standing army, but they were able to raise powerful forces when rebellion threatened public order
-Because of it being so expensive, Louis and his successors enjoyed a decisive edge over ambitious subordinates
-They sought to challenge royal authority or build local power bases
Spain
-Process of state building was most dramatic in Spain
-Marriage of Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile united two wealthiest and most important Iberian Realms
-The receipts from sales tax payed for the army
-Christian forces completed the reconquista by conquering the Kingdom of Granada
Overview
-The competition of the states encouraged the rapid development of military and naval technology
-Encouraged the refinement and impovement of weapons, ships, and sails
-If one state had it, the others had to have better
[britney]
( pics and corrections by TK)